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GRAVITATION

                      GRAVITATION 





Brief summary

Gravity, also called gravitation, in mechanics, the universal force of attraction acting between all matter. it's far and away the weakest known force in nature and thus plays no role in determining the interior properties of everyday matter. On the opposite hand, through its long reach and universal action, it controls the trajectories of bodies within the system and elsewhere within the universe and therefore the structures and evolution of stars, galaxies, and therefore the whole cosmos. On Earth all bodies have a weight, or downward force of gravity, proportional to their mass, which Earth’s mass exerts on them. Gravity is measured by the acceleration that it gives to freely falling objects. At Earth’s surface the acceleration of gravity is about 9.8 metres (32 feet) per second per second. Thus, for each second an object is in free fall, its speed increases by about 9.8 metres per second. At the surface of the Moon the acceleration of a freely falling body is about 1.6 metres per second per second.
The works of Newton and Einstein dominate the event of theory of gravitation . Newton’s classical theory of gravity held sway from his Principia, published in 1687, until Einstein’s add the first 20th century. Newton’s theory is sufficient even today for about the foremost precise applications. Einstein’s theory of general theory of relativity predicts only minute quantitative differences from the Newtonian theory except during a few special cases. the main significance of Einstein’s theory is its radical conceptual departure from classical theory and its implications for further growth in physical thought.
The launch of space vehicles and developments of research from them have led to great improvements in measurements of gravity around Earth, other planets, and therefore the Moon and in experiments on the character of gravitation.
The 17th-century German astronomer Kepler accepted the argument of Copernicus (which goes back to Aristarchus of Samos) that the planets orbit the Sun, not Earth. Using the improved measurements of planetary movements made by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe during the 16th century, Kepler described the planetary orbits with simple geometric and arithmetic relations.

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